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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

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Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

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Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
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Left Lung Orthotopic Transplantation in a Juvenile Porcine Model for ESLP
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Long-term pulmonary function in esophageal atresia-A case-control study.

Rikke N Pedersen1, Simone Markøw1, Søren Kruse-Andersen2

  • 1Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|May 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Children with esophageal atresia (EA) show significantly reduced lung function and increased respiratory issues. These pulmonary complications persist into adolescence, highlighting the long-term impact of this congenital anomaly.

Keywords:
gastroesophageal refluxpulmonary function testsensitization to allergens

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Congenital Anomalies
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital condition frequently leading to significant pulmonary morbidity in children.
  • Long-term respiratory health in individuals with surgically corrected EA requires thorough evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess pulmonary complications in children and adolescents aged 5–15 years with surgically corrected EA.
  • To compare lung function parameters between EA patients and a control group.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 59 children with EA underwent clinical interviews, spirometry, body plethysmography, and mannitol challenge tests.
  • Pulmonary function tests included diffusion capacity, airway resistance, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and serum specific IgE.
  • A control group of 25 children with gastroesophageal reflux disease was included for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Over half of EA patients reported respiratory symptoms (55.9%), recurrent pneumonia (53.4%), or frequent cough (54.2%).
  • EA patients exhibited significantly lower Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), and Forced Expiratory Fraction 25-75% (FEF25-75%) compared to controls.
  • Total lung capacity (TLC) was also diminished in EA patients. Obstructive ventilatory impairment affected 28.8% of EA patients, while 17.3% had restrictive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Children and adolescents with EA demonstrate significantly impaired pulmonary function.
  • Restrictive ventilatory impairment in EA patients may result from impaired lung growth post-thoracotomy.
  • No single factor was identified as a predictor of ventilatory impairment in this EA cohort.