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Long-term pulmonary function in esophageal atresia-A case-control study

Rikke N Pedersen1, Simone Markøw1, Søren Kruse-Andersen2

  • 1Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|May 11, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Children with esophageal atresia (EA) show significantly reduced lung function and increased respiratory issues. These pulmonary complications persist into adolescence, highlighting the long-term impact of this congenital anomaly.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Congenital Anomalies
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Esophageal atresia (EA) is a congenital condition frequently leading to significant pulmonary morbidity in children.
  • Long-term respiratory health in individuals with surgically corrected EA requires thorough evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess pulmonary complications in children and adolescents aged 5–15 years with surgically corrected EA.
  • To compare lung function parameters between EA patients and a control group.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 59 children with EA underwent clinical interviews, spirometry, body plethysmography, and mannitol challenge tests.
  • Pulmonary function tests included diffusion capacity, airway resistance, fractional exhaled nitric oxide, and serum specific IgE.
  • A control group of 25 children with gastroesophageal reflux disease was included for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Over half of EA patients reported respiratory symptoms (55.9%), recurrent pneumonia (53.4%), or frequent cough (54.2%).
  • EA patients exhibited significantly lower Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1), and Forced Expiratory Fraction 25-75% (FEF25-75%) compared to controls.
  • Total lung capacity (TLC) was also diminished in EA patients. Obstructive ventilatory impairment affected 28.8% of EA patients, while 17.3% had restrictive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Children and adolescents with EA demonstrate significantly impaired pulmonary function.
  • Restrictive ventilatory impairment in EA patients may result from impaired lung growth post-thoracotomy.
  • No single factor was identified as a predictor of ventilatory impairment in this EA cohort.
Abstract

Keywords:
gastroesophageal refluxpulmonary function testsensitization to allergens

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