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A new pencil beam proton radiography method accurately verifies proton range in phantoms, with errors within 1mm in soft tissue and brain areas. This technique allows for in vivo quality assurance in proton therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiotherapy Physics
  • Image Guided Therapy

Background:

  • Proton therapy offers precise dose delivery but requires accurate range verification.
  • Pencil beam scanning necessitates robust quality assurance methods to ensure treatment accuracy.
  • Current range verification methods may lack the precision needed for complex dose distributions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a pencil beam proton radiography (PR) method for precise range verification.
  • To assess the accuracy of the PR method in phantoms with varying densities and anatomical structures.
  • To investigate the impact of positional misalignment on range error determination.

Main Methods:

  • A commercial multilayer ionization chamber (MLIC) was integrated with a treatment planning system (TPS) for PR acquisition.
  • Pencil beam spots were delivered uniformly, and integral depth dose (IDD) curves were computed and compared.
  • Range errors were mapped by overlapping measured and calculated IDD, with and without simulated positional misalignment.

Main Results:

  • Range errors were within 1 mm in soft-tissue regions of an electron-density phantom.
  • In a head phantom, range errors were -0.9 ± 2.7 mm overall and within 1 mm in the brain area.
  • Positional misalignment significantly increased range errors, highlighting the method's sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed 2D PR method provides accurate range verification in phantoms, with acceptable patient dose (<2 cGyE).
  • The method can discriminate misalignments, enabling targeted in vivo quality assurance for proton therapy.
  • This technique holds promise for enhancing the safety and efficacy of proton therapy by ensuring accurate proton range delivery.