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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
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Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Isolation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells from Neonatal Mice
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Pulmonary Agenesis.

Rakesh K Chawla, Arun Madan, Aditya Chawla

    The Indian Journal of Chest Diseases & Allied Sciences
    |May 12, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pulmonary agenesis, a rare cause of unilateral opaque lung in newborns, can lead to respiratory distress. This case highlights right lung agenesis with associated congenital anomalies.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Pulmonology
    • Neonatal Medicine
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Unilateral opaque lung with ipsilateral mediastinal shift is an uncommon radiographic finding in neonates presenting with respiratory distress.
    • Pulmonary agenesis, the congenital absence of lung tissue, is a rare etiology for this presentation.

    Observation:

    • This report details a case of a newborn infant experiencing respiratory distress.
    • Radiographic examination revealed a unilateral opaque lung with ipsilateral mediastinal shift.

    Findings:

    • The infant was diagnosed with agenesis of the right lung.
    • Pulmonary agenesis is frequently associated with other congenital anomalies, affecting cardiovascular, skeletal, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary systems in nearly 50% of cases.

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    Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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    Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
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    Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
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    Implications:

    • Early recognition of pulmonary agenesis is crucial for appropriate management of neonatal respiratory distress.
    • Associated congenital anomalies require comprehensive evaluation and multidisciplinary care planning.
    • This case underscores the importance of detailed radiographic interpretation in diagnosing rare neonatal respiratory conditions.