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Sleep and Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis.

Tiffany J Braley1, Anna L Kratz2, Neeraj Kaplish3

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Obstructive sleep apnea is linked to cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Sleep disturbances negatively impact memory, attention, and processing speed, suggesting treatment could improve MS cognitive function.

Keywords:
MScognitive dysfunctionmultiple sclerosissleep apneasleep disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease.
  • Cognitive impairment is a common and disabling symptom in MS.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is prevalent in MS and may exacerbate cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between polysomnographic (PSG) measures of OSA and cognitive performance in MS patients.
  • To identify specific OSA-related factors affecting different cognitive domains.

Main Methods:

  • Participants with MS underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) to assess sleep.
  • Cognitive function was evaluated using the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS) battery.
  • Statistical analyses, including adjusted linear regression, were used to examine associations.

Main Results:

  • Oxygen desaturation index (ODI) and minimum oxygen saturation (MinO2) were associated with working memory, processing speed, attention (PASAT), and visual memory (BVMT-R).
  • Respiratory disturbance index (RDI) correlated with attention/working memory (PASAT-3) and verbal memory/response inhibition (CVLT-II).
  • Sleep fragmentation (arousal index) and reduced total sleep time were linked to response inhibition (CVLT-II), explaining significant variance in performance.

Conclusions:

  • OSA and sleep disturbances are significantly associated with cognitive impairments in MS, including memory, attention, processing speed, and executive function.
  • These findings highlight the potential for treating sleep disorders to improve cognitive outcomes in individuals with MS.