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An Exploratory Study Investigating the Effects of Barefoot Running on Working Memory.

Ross G Alloway1, Tracy Packiam Alloway2, Peter M Magyari1

  • 1University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

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|May 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Running barefoot may enhance working memory, especially when navigating obstacles. This study found improved cognitive performance in young adults running barefoot compared to shod, particularly when focusing on foot placement.

Keywords:
barefoot runningheart raterunningself-selected paceworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Barefoot running is associated with altered sensory feedback and potentially increased attentional demands.
  • Previous research has explored the physiological and biomechanical effects of barefoot running, but cognitive benefits remain less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive effects of barefoot running compared to shod running.
  • To determine if task complexity, specifically navigating obstacles, influences cognitive performance during running.

Main Methods:

  • Seventy-two young adults completed a working memory test under four conditions: barefoot running with targets, barefoot running without targets, shod running with targets, and shod running without targets.
  • Performance on the working memory test and running speed were measured.
  • Heart rate was monitored to assess physiological response.

Main Results:

  • Participants demonstrated significantly better working memory performance when running barefoot compared to shod, but only when required to step on targets.
  • Heart rate was significantly higher during barefoot running conditions.
  • No significant differences in running speed were observed between barefoot and shod conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Barefoot running may enhance working memory, particularly when increased attention is required to navigate the environment.
  • The findings suggest that the heightened sensory input and attentional demands of barefoot running, especially when avoiding obstacles, could positively impact cognitive function.
  • Working memory enhancement may occur after approximately 16 minutes of barefoot running when focused attention on the ground is necessary.