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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

898
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Optogenetic Functional MRI
06:06

Optogenetic Functional MRI

Published on: April 19, 2016

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Optogenetic Functional MRI.

Peter Lin1, Zhongnan Fang2, Jia Liu1

  • 1Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|May 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging (ofMRI) precisely stimulates neural circuits and monitors whole-brain activity. This powerful technique aids in studying brain connectomics in healthy and diseased states.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Imaging Techniques

Background:

  • Understanding neural circuit connectivity is crucial for brain research.
  • Optogenetics offers precise cell-type specific neural stimulation.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides whole-brain activity monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a protocol for optogenetic functional magnetic resonance imaging (ofMRI).
  • To detail a novel technique combining optogenetics and fMRI for brain connectivity studies.
  • To enable precise neural circuit investigation across the intact brain.

Main Methods:

  • Implantation of fiber optics for in vivo light delivery to targeted brain regions.
  • Genetic induction of opsin expression in specific cell types for light sensitivity.
  • Utilizing fMRI to measure the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal, reflecting neuronal activity.
  • Performing imaging with photostimulation and subsequent data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successful implementation of ofMRI protocol for precise neural circuit stimulation.
  • Demonstration of whole-brain dynamic response monitoring to targeted optogenetic activation.
  • Acquisition of data on functional connectivity through BOLD signal changes.

Conclusions:

  • ofMRI is a powerful tool for studying brain connectomics.
  • The technique allows for precise stimulation and whole-brain monitoring.
  • ofMRI is valuable for investigating brain function in both healthy and diseased conditions.