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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria01:30

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Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease...
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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear
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Sternal mycobacterial infections.

Shi-Min Yuan1

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Putian, Teaching Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Putian, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.

Annals of Thoracic Medicine
|May 12, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Sternal mycobacterial infections, primarily tuberculosis, are rare but treatable. Early diagnosis through microbiological tests and prompt antibiotic treatment lead to good outcomes, minimizing recurrence and ensuring incurability.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Medical Microbiology
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Sternal mycobacterial infections are infrequently encountered, leading to limited understanding of their clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.
  • Tuberculosis (TB) accounts for the vast majority of sternal mycobacterial infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, management strategies, and prognosis of sternal mycobacterial infections based on existing literature.
  • To provide insights into optimizing patient outcomes for this rare condition.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted, yielding 76 relevant articles.
  • Data from 159 patients were analyzed, focusing on clinical features, diagnostic approaches, treatment regimens, and patient outcomes.
Keywords:
Microbiologymycobacteriumsternum

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Main Results:

  • Mycobacterial sternal infections encompass tuberculosis (95%) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (5%).
  • Microbiological investigations demonstrated higher sensitivity for diagnosis compared to imaging or skin tests.
  • Standard four-drug anti-TB regimens were effective for most patients, with 28.3% requiring surgical intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic therapy are crucial for successful treatment and improved patient prognosis.
  • Delayed diagnosis can lead to persistent infections and complications.
  • Sternal mycobacterial infections generally have a favorable prognosis with low mortality rates when managed appropriately.