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Related Concept Videos

Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen01:14

Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen

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A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
When a user touches the screen, the two layers make contact at a specific point known as the touchpoint. This contact reduces the resistance between...
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Vision01:24

Vision

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Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
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Depth Perception and Spatial Vision01:15

Depth Perception and Spatial Vision

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Depth perception is the ability to perceive objects three-dimensionally. It relies on two types of cues: binocular and monocular. Binocular cues depend on the combination of images from both eyes and how the eyes work together. Since the eyes are in slightly different positions, each eye captures a slightly different image. This disparity between images, known as binocular disparity, helps the brain interpret depth. When the brain compares these images, it determines the distance to an object.
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Sensory Modalities01:15

Sensory Modalities

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Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
General senses refer to the broad category of sensory information detected by receptors in the body and can be further grouped into somatic and visceral senses. Somatic sensations include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and are essential for navigating our environment and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS
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Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS

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FingerSight: Fingertip Haptic Sensing of the Visual Environment.

Samantha Horvath1, John Galeotti1, Bing Wu2

  • 1Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA 15213.

IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine
|May 13, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel fingertip device that translates visual data into haptic feedback, enabling users to directly feel environmental features. Early tests show users can discern edge angles, enhancing visual scene analysis through touch.

Keywords:
Visually impairedblindhapticssensory substitution

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Last Updated: Mar 21, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Sensory Substitution

Background:

  • Traditional visual information systems often rely on intermediate representations.
  • Direct sensory feedback offers a promising alternative for enhanced perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a novel fingertip-mounted device for direct visual-to-haptic information transfer.
  • To enable users to perceive environmental visual features through tactile stimulation.

Main Methods:

  • A fingertip-mounted camera and haptic stimulator were integrated into a novel device.
  • Visual features (intensity, edges, object information) were translated into haptic signals.
  • User experiments involved tracing straight edges to assess angle discrimination.

Main Results:

  • The device successfully transmitted visual features as haptic sensations.
  • Users demonstrated an ability to discriminate the angle of traced edges.
  • Quantified user performance in a basic visual-haptic discrimination task.

Conclusions:

  • Direct visual-to-haptic feedback via a fingertip device is feasible.
  • This technology has potential for advanced visual scene analysis through tactile perception.
  • Further research can explore complex visual feature translation and user capabilities.