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Progress Toward Polio Eradication - Worldwide, 2015-2016.

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    Global efforts significantly reduced wild poliovirus (WPV) cases in 2015-2016, with only Afghanistan and Pakistan remaining endemic. Continued focus on vaccination and cross-border coordination is crucial for polio eradication.

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    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • Infectious Disease Control

    Background:

    • The World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis in 1988.
    • Wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission is now limited to Afghanistan and Pakistan.
    • WPV type 2 was eradicated in 2015, and WPV type 3 has not been detected since 2012.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize global progress toward polio eradication during 2015-2016.
    • To update previous reports on polio eradication efforts.
    • To highlight ongoing challenges and necessary actions for final eradication.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of reported wild poliovirus (WPV) and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) cases globally.
    • Review of data from 2015 and 2016, comparing with previous years.
    • Assessment of geographical distribution and trends of polio cases.

    Main Results:

    • WPV cases decreased by 79% in 2015 (74 cases) compared to 2014 (359 cases), with transmission in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
    • As of 2016, 12 WPV cases were reported, a decrease from 23 during the same period in 2015.
    • 32 cVDPV cases were reported in seven countries in 2015, with ongoing transmission in Laos in 2016.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant progress has been made in polio eradication, with WPV transmission nearing interruption.
    • Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) remains a risk in areas with low oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) coverage.
    • Interruption of WPV transmission requires intensified supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) and cross-border coordination between Afghanistan and Pakistan.