Histochemical and histopathologic studies of alveolar mucosa under complete dentures

An investigation was made of the enzymatic, histochemical, and histopathologic characteristics of clinically healthy edentulous mucosae of non-denture wearers. The effects of dentures on the oral mucosa were examined and related to the length of time that dentures were worn. Succinodehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase enzymes were used along with periodic acid Schiff's stain. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was used for the histopathologic study. The results indicated that a denture stimulates the underlying mucosa for the first 3 years. A healthy mucosa results, showing slight hyperkeratinization and increased enzymatic activity. After 3 years there are atrophic changes which can lead to inflammatory changes. There is also a reduction in enzyme activity associated with wearing dentures for more than 3 years. Remaking the dentures after 3 years increases the enzymatic activity of the alveolar mucosa.