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Related Concept Videos

Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
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Papillary Dermis01:11

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ
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[Pityriasis rubra pilaris].

Sandrine Quenan, Emmanuel Laffitte

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    |May 14, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare skin disorder with unknown causes, often triggered by infections or trauma. Current treatments include retinoids, methotrexate, or cyclosporine, with emerging therapies showing promise.

    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Genetics
    • Immunology

    Context:

    • Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare, heterogeneous disorder.
    • Characterized by follicular keratosis, perifollicular erythema, and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis.
    • Etiology remains largely unknown, with potential triggers including trauma, infections, and genetic predispositions.

    Purpose:

    • To summarize the current understanding of Pityriasis rubra pilaris.
    • To outline the known characteristics, potential causes, and clinical variations.
    • To review current and emerging treatment strategies for PRP.

    Summary:

    • PRP presents with distinct dermatological signs like follicular keratosis and hyperkeratosis.
    • Associated factors may include immunological disorders and genetic keratinization defects.

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  • Treatment efficacy varies, with established therapies like retinoids, methotrexate, and cyclosporine.

    • Impact:

    • Highlights the need for further research into PRP etiology and pathogenesis.
    • Informs clinical practice regarding management of this rare condition.
    • Suggests potential future therapeutic targets, including TNF inhibitors and IL-12/23 targeted therapies.