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Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Fabrication of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Polyhedrons via Origami-Like Self-Folding

Published on: September 23, 2018

Crumpling Damaged Graphene.

I Giordanelli¹, M Mendoza¹, J S Andrade^1,2

¹ETH Züurich, Computational Physics for Engineering Materials, Institute for Building Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, HIT, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.

Scientific Reports

|May 14, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Non-covalent interactions significantly alter the fractal dimension of crumpled damaged graphene. This effect is reversible and provides insights into the mechanical properties of 2D materials.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Graphene, a 2D material, exhibits unique properties when crumpled.
Understanding the mechanical behavior of damaged graphene is crucial for its applications.
Fractality is a key descriptor of complex structures like crumpled membranes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of non-covalent interactions on the fractality of crumpled damaged graphene.
To quantify the changes in fractal dimension due to these interactions.
To develop a theoretical model explaining the observed phenomena.

Main Methods:

Molecular mechanics simulations were employed to model crumpled graphene membranes.
Graphene was damaged by introducing vacancies and carbon-hydrogen bonds.
Non-covalent interactions were systematically switched on and off to observe their effect on fractal dimension.

Main Results:

Crumpled damaged graphene exhibits a fractal dimension of 2.71 ± 0.02 with all interactions considered.
Suppressing non-covalent interactions reduces the fractal dimension to 2.30 ± 0.05.
The observed transition in fractal dimension is reversible and independent of thermalization.

Conclusions:

Non-covalent interactions play a critical role in determining the fractality of crumpled damaged graphene.
A theoretical model was proposed that aligns with the simulation findings.
Damaged graphene shares scaling properties with other crumpled structures like polymer membranes and paper.