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Muscle grip strength predicts incident type 2 diabetes: Population-based cohort study.

Joule J Li1, Gary A Wittert2, Andrew Vincent2

  • 1The Health Observatory, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide; Freemasons Foundation Centre for Men's Health, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide.

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Reduced muscle strength, not mass, is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in men. Testosterone and inflammation do not mediate this link. Interventions targeting strength may prevent disease.

Keywords:
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometryGrip strengthLean massMuscle strengthSkeletal muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes is a growing global health concern.
  • Muscle mass and strength are crucial for metabolic health.
  • The relationship between muscle parameters and incident type 2 diabetes requires further investigation, particularly regarding potential mediators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the longitudinal association between muscle mass and strength with incident type 2 diabetes in men.
  • To explore the mediating roles of testosterone and inflammation in this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • Community-dwelling men aged 35+ from the MAILES Study were assessed for muscle strength (grip strength), body composition, testosterone, and inflammatory markers.
  • Incident type 2 diabetes was identified via diagnosis, medication, or glycemic thresholds at follow-up.
  • Statistical analyses examined associations and mediation effects.

Main Results:

  • Muscle mass was not associated with incident type 2 diabetes.
  • Reduced grip strength was inversely associated with incident type 2 diabetes (OR 0.87 per 5kg).
  • Testosterone, IL-6, and TNF-α did not significantly mediate the observed associations.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced muscle strength, distinct from muscle mass, is an independent risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes in men.
  • Testosterone and inflammation do not appear to mediate this risk.
  • Interventions to enhance muscle strength could potentially prevent a significant portion of type 2 diabetes cases.