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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Pseudoaneurysm after Aortic Valve Replacement.

Masood A Shariff1, Daniel Martingano1, Usman Khan1

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Staten Island University Hospital - Northwell Health, Staten Island, New York, USA.

Aorta (Stamford, Conn.)
|May 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Left ventricular outflow tract pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication after aortic valve replacement (AVR). This case highlights surgical management of this condition in a patient with a history of endocarditis and multiple AVRs.

Keywords:
Aortic valve replacementLeft ventricular outflow tract (LVOT)Pseudoaneurysm

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Aortic Valve Replacement

Background:

  • Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon complication post-aortic valve replacement (AVR).
  • Endocarditis is a frequent precursor to LVOT pseudoaneurysms, particularly in patients with a history of prosthetic valve endocarditis.
  • Intravenous drug abuse is a risk factor for endocarditis and subsequent cardiac complications.

Observation:

  • A 47-year-old female with a history of two AVRs and aortic root replacement due to endocarditis presented with lower extremity weakness.
  • Radiologic imaging confirmed the presence of a left ventricular outflow tract pseudoaneurysm.
  • The patient had a history of intravenous drug abuse.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with a left ventricular outflow tract pseudoaneurysm, a rare complication following multiple aortic valve replacements.
  • Surgical intervention was required to manage the pseudoaneurysm.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of recognizing LVOT pseudoaneurysm in patients with complex cardiac histories, including prior AVR and endocarditis.
  • Successful surgical management with a homologous conduit demonstrates a viable treatment option for this rare complication.
  • Further research into preventative strategies and long-term outcomes for LVOT pseudoaneurysm post-AVR is warranted.