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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

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The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
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Rebooting the microbiome.

Sean Munoz1, Mabel Guzman-Rodriguez1, Jun Sun2

  • 1a Department of Medicine , Division of Infectious Diseases/GI Diseases Research Unit, Queen's University , Kingston , ON , Canada.

Gut Microbes
|May 14, 2016
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A defined gut microbiota (MET-1) protects against colitis by improving gut barrier function and reducing inflammation. These findings suggest potential therapeutic benefits for gastrointestinal diseases.

Keywords:
DSSepithelial barriermicrobial ecosystem therapeuticmicrobiotasalmonella

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Colitis models are crucial for understanding inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).
  • Gut microbiota plays a significant role in modulating host immunity and disease progression.
  • Previous studies showed MET-1 microbiota's protective effects in a Salmonella model of colitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protective effects of a defined gut microbiota (MET-1) in a DSS model of colitis.
  • To explore the in vitro effects of MET-1 on host-microbe interactions.
  • To discuss the implications of MET-1's protective mechanisms in various GI diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Murine models of Salmonella and DSS-induced colitis.
  • In vitro experiments assessing MET-1 effects.
  • Analysis of weight loss, systemic inflammation, bacterial infection, neutrophil infiltration, and tight junction protein expression.

Main Results:

  • MET-1 administration reduced weight loss, systemic inflammation, and S. typhimurium infection in the Salmonella model.
  • MET-1 preserved tight junction protein expression, indicating improved barrier function.
  • MET-1 demonstrated protective effects in the DSS colitis model after antibiotic treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Defined gut microbiota (MET-1) confers protection against colitis in murine models.
  • MET-1's protective mechanisms involve enhancing gut barrier function and reducing inflammation.
  • These findings suggest MET-1 as a potential therapeutic strategy for IBD and other GI disorders.