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Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
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Vortex Dynamics and Shear-Layer Instability in High-Intensity Cyclotrons.

Antoine J Cerfon1

  • 1Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA.

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High-intensity particle beams in cyclotrons exhibit space-charge dynamics analogous to incompressible fluid flow. This fluid dynamics model explains beam spiraling and breakup, revealing beam breakup as a shear flow instability.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma physics
  • Accelerator physics
  • Fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Space-charge effects in high-intensity beams are complex.
  • Understanding beam dynamics is crucial for cyclotron operation and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a unified framework for understanding cyclotron beam dynamics.
  • To explain beam spiraling and beam breakup phenomena.
  • To investigate the fluid-like behavior of charged particle beams.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling space-charge dynamics using two-dimensional Euler equations.
  • Applying fluid dynamics analogy to beam behavior.
  • Analyzing beam breakup as a classical fluid instability.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that cyclotron beam dynamics can be described by incompressible fluid equations.
  • Identified beam breakup as a consequence of shear flow instability.
  • Derived scaling laws for the instability and predicted nonlinear beam evolution.

Conclusions:

  • The fluid dynamics analogy provides an intuitive framework for cyclotron beam behavior.
  • Cyclotrons offer a unique platform for studying shear layers and vortex distributions.
  • This research bridges plasma physics, accelerator physics, and fluid dynamics.