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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction
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The Paramidline Forehead Flap: A Clinical and Microanatomic Study.

Landon E Stigall1, Tracy B Bramlette, John A Zitelli

  • 1*Zitelli & Brodland PC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; †Departments of Dermatology, Otolaryngology, and Plastic Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [Et Al.]
|May 14, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A simplified forehead flap (FHF) design using surface landmarks offers comparable outcomes to the traditional method relying on supratrochlear artery (STA) identification. This approach simplifies FHF pedicle design without compromising flap survival or complication rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Anatomical Studies

Background:

  • The traditional paramedian forehead flap (FHF) relies on the supratrochlear artery (STA), often identified via Doppler.
  • A simplified FHF design using surface landmarks was proposed to potentially streamline the procedure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical outcomes and vessel densities between two FHF designs: one based on Doppler-identified STA and another on simple surface landmarks.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty nasal defects were repaired using two FHF designs: Doppler-identified STA versus glabellar midline measurements.
  • Clinical outcomes, complication rates, and pedicle vasculature were compared between the two groups.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in flap survival or complication rates were observed between the two FHF designs.
  • Paramidline FHF designs demonstrated a higher density of arteries within their pedicles compared to Doppler-based FHFs.
  • Arterial size and number did not correlate with flap survival in either group.

Conclusions:

  • A paramidline FHF design using surface landmarks provides equivalent clinical outcomes to STA-based FHF.
  • This study describes a simple, reproducible FHF design utilizing only surface landmarks.