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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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Ultraviolet and Visible (UV–Vis) Spectroscopy: Overview01:02

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Ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible or UV–Vis) spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the interaction between matter and UV–Vis light within the electromagnetic spectrum. This method is widely used for its versatility, simplicity, and relatively quick data acquisition, making it valuable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis. When UV–Vis radiation passes through a material,  molecules absorb light depending on the energy required for...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Molecular Spectroscopy: Absorption and Emission01:14

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Molecules possess discrete energy levels called quantum states. Unlike atoms, which have simpler energy levels, molecules possess additional rotational and vibrational energy levels.  Each energy level is separated by an energy gap, with the gaps between adjacent electronic, vibrational, and rotational levels varying significantly. The three types of energy levels in a diatomic molecule are shown in Figure 1.
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
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Supercontinuum high-speed cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for sensitive multispecies detection.

Thomas Werblinski, Bastian Lämmlein, Franz J T Huber

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    This study presents a fast cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer using a supercontinuum light source. It achieves high detection rates for simultaneous measurement of CO2, C2H2, and H2O.

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    Area of Science:

    • Spectroscopy
    • Optical Physics
    • Analytical Chemistry

    Background:

    • Cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy offers high sensitivity but typically suffers from low temporal resolution.
    • Existing methods limit the speed of concentration measurements, hindering real-time applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer with high temporal resolution.
    • To enable simultaneous quantitative detection of multiple gas species at high speeds.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a spatially coherent supercontinuum (SC) light source.
    • Employed an in-house-built, high-speed near-infrared spectrograph.
    • Integrated high-reflectivity mirrors (R=98.0±0.3%) within the optical cavity.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a spectrometer capable of detection rates up to 50 kHz.
    • Achieved simultaneous quantitative detection of carbon dioxide (CO2), acetylene (C2H2), and water vapor (H2O).
    • Detected a minimal spectrally averaged absorption coefficient of αmin=1·10⁻⁵ cm⁻¹ at 50 kHz.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed SC spectrometer significantly improves temporal resolution in cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy.
    • This high-speed system enables rapid, simultaneous gas concentration measurements.
    • The technology holds promise for applications demanding both high sensitivity and fast detection rates.