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Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
Published on: October 30, 2013
The case for immune-based approaches in biliary tract carcinoma
Austin G Duffy1, Oxana V Makarova-Rusher2, Tim F Greten2
1Gastrointestinal Malignancies Section, Thoracic-GI Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. duffya@mail.nih.gov.
None:
Biliary tract cancers (BTC) comprise a group of uncommon malignancies in which the standard therapies are minimally effective and evolve slowly. Like the majority of gastrointestinal cancers, with some notable exceptions, the impact of immune-based approaches has yet to be seen. However, the etiological background of BTC-overlapping in almost every known causative or associated factor with inflammation-provides a strong clue that these approaches may have an impact in this group of diseases. This review covers what we currently know about the role of the immune system in the etiology of BTC, highlighting differences by subtype, and pointing to the therapeutic opportunities currently entering the clinic or about to do so. (Hepatology 2016;64:1785-1791).
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