Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

1.1K
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
1.1K
Storage01:23

Storage

477
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
477
Impact of Schemas01:30

Impact of Schemas

265
Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...
265
Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

935
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
935
Role of Hippocampus in Memory01:19

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

1.9K
The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
1.9K
Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

969
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
969

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Toward a Pluralistic Model for the Schizophrenia Spectrum-Dopamine and Beyond.

JAMA psychiatry·2026
Same author

Parvalbumin and anxiety across development in female offspring of the MAM neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.

Journal of psychiatric research·2026
Same author

Systemic path to global health 2050.

Bulletin of the World Health Organization·2026
Same author

Antipsychotic drug action, novel treatment targets, and the failure of current clinical trial designs in evaluating new target molecules.

Biological psychiatry·2026
Same author

Progress and ongoing conceptual challenges "on the way to integrative human neuroscience"-ten years after.

Frontiers in integrative neuroscience·2026
Same author

Systems biology can provide guidance to synthetic biology in the pursuit of new drug targets.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

31.1K

A heuristic model for working memory deficit in schizophrenia.

Zhen Qi1, Gina P Yu2, Felix Tretter3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Integrative BioSystems Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|May 15, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a computational model to understand how neurotransmitter imbalances affect working memory in schizophrenia. The model simulates these interactions, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for cognitive deficits.

Keywords:
Interaction matrixMesoscopic modelMobileNeurotransmitterSchizophreniaSystems biologyWorking memory deficit

More Related Videos

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

14.2K
The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

13.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
09:05

Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)

Published on: June 12, 2017

31.1K
A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

14.2K
The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents
09:01

The Double-H Maze: A Robust Behavioral Test for Learning and Memory in Rodents

Published on: July 8, 2015

13.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Biology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia is associated with working memory deficits, linked to altered neurotransmitter balances in the brain.
  • Key brain functions rely on the intricate interplay between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) neurons.
  • Neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine fine-tune this balance, impacting regional brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a heuristic computational model simulating neurotransmitter interactions across brain regions.
  • To investigate the dynamic physiological balances among neurotransmitter systems relevant to working memory.

Main Methods:

  • A neurochemical interaction matrix at the biochemical level was conceptualized.
  • A mobile model was integrated to represent dynamic physiological balances of neurotransmitter systems.
  • The model was validated against clinical data and simulation results.

Main Results:

  • Model outputs showed qualitative consistency with available clinical data.
  • The model successfully captured the migration of perturbations through different neurotransmitters and brain regions.
  • Simulations demonstrated that ketamine and D2 receptor antagonists induce distinct neurochemical imbalances.

Conclusions:

  • The heuristic computational model provides an intuitive tool for assessing genetic, biochemical, and pharmacological perturbations.
  • It aids in explaining clinical and biological observations related to working memory deficits.
  • The model facilitates interdisciplinary communication and psychiatric education.