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Hashish in Morocco and Lebanon: A comparative study.

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  • 1Clersé, Université Lille 1, Bâtiment SH2, 59 655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France; Faculty of Agronomy, The Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Morocco and Lebanon, key hashish producers, face uncertain futures due to global cannabis prohibition and market shifts. Their experiences highlight the complex socio-economic impacts on traditional cannabis cultivation areas.

Keywords:
BeqaaCannabisComparative studyGlobal marketHashishHistoryLebanonMoroccoRifSupply

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Criminology
  • Agricultural Economics

Background:

  • Morocco and Lebanon emerged as major hashish exporters in the mid-20th century.
  • Traditional cannabis cultivation areas include the Rif (Morocco) and Beqaa (Lebanon).
  • Understanding their role in global cannabis trends is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate changes in cannabis production in Morocco and Lebanon.
  • To analyze the socio-economic factors influencing cultivation.
  • To understand the countries' roles in global cannabis markets.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of Morocco and Lebanon.
  • Primary field research including farmer interviews and observations (Rif since 2002, Beqaa since 1995).
  • Triangulation of acreage and production estimates from multiple sources.

Main Results:

  • Both regions have a long history of cannabis production and trade, influenced by global demand and prohibition.
  • Despite shared challenges like marginalization and repressive legislation, market dynamics differ: Morocco has stability and a local market, while Lebanon experiences instability.
  • Moroccan cultivation benefits from specialized skills, leading to a competitive economy with diverse products and prices.

Conclusions:

  • Global cannabis prohibition has led to negative consequences, including grower marginalization and ineffective eradication efforts.
  • Cannabis cultivation in these regions faces an uncertain future due to global market changes and technological advancements in developed countries.
  • The cultural heritage and social functions of cannabis warrant consideration in policy discussions.