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Increased ongoing neural variability in ADHD.

Gil Gonen-Yaacovi1, Ayelet Arazi1, Nitzan Shahar1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) exhibit greater neural response variability, indicating a noisier brain. This heightened neural instability, observed across sensory modalities, may underlie the characteristic behavioral variability in ADHD.

Keywords:
ADHDEEGIntra-individual variabilityNoiseSensory systems

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by attention deficits and significant intra-individual behavioral variability.
  • Increased reaction time variability is a hallmark behavioral feature of ADHD across various cognitive tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying neurophysiological basis of behavioral instability in ADHD.
  • To examine trial-by-trial electroencephalography (EEG) response variability in adults with ADHD compared to controls.

Main Methods:

  • EEG recordings were analyzed for trial-by-trial response variability to visual and auditory stimuli.
  • Participants performed an attention-demanding task, with stimuli presented intermittently.
  • Comparisons were made between adult ADHD participants and neurotypical controls.

Main Results:

  • Adults with ADHD demonstrated significantly greater neural response variability than controls in both visual and auditory modalities.
  • This increased variability was present before, during, and after stimulus presentation, and even during stimulus omission trials.
  • The findings suggest that ongoing neural activity, rather than stimulus-evoked responses, is more variable in individuals with ADHD.

Conclusions:

  • Heightened neural response variability is a fundamental neurophysiological characteristic of ADHD.
  • This neural "noise" may continuously contribute to the behavioral instability observed in ADHD.
  • The precise pathophysiological mechanisms driving this continuous neural variability in ADHD require further investigation.