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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

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Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
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Is There a Space-Based Technology Solution to Problems with Preclinical Drug Toxicity Testing?

Timothy Hammond1,2,3, Patricia Allen4, Holly Birdsall5,6,7,8,9

  • 1Medicine Service Line/Nephrology Section, Durham VA Medical Center, Building 15, Room 109, 508 Fulton Street, Durham, North Carolina, 27705, USA. hammondoutofoffice@yahoo.com.

Pharmaceutical Research
|May 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

NASA

Keywords:
drug metabolismhepatocytespacesuspension culture

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pharmacology
  • Cell Culture Technology

Background:

  • Current preclinical drug testing using primary hepatocytes is limited, leading to drug withdrawals due to toxicity and side effects.
  • Adverse drug events are a significant problem in modern medicine, causing morbidity and mortality.
  • Space exploration technology offers novel solutions for improving drug testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of NASA's rotating wall vessel (RWV) for maintaining hepatocyte drug metabolism pathways.
  • To explore the potential of new materials and 3D printing for cost-effective, industrial-scale RWV application.
  • To analyze the trade-offs of RWV technology against alternative drug metabolism study approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing NASA's rotating wall vessel (RWV) for optimized suspension culture of hepatocytes.
  • Investigating the maintenance of Phase I and Phase II drug metabolizing pathways in cultured hepatocytes.
  • Assessing the impact of new materials and 3D printing on RWV cost and scalability.

Main Results:

  • Optimized suspension culture in RWVs uniquely maintains Phase I and Phase II drug metabolizing pathways in hepatocytes for extended periods.
  • New materials and 3D printing offer potential for inexpensive, industrial-scale availability of RWV technology.
  • Analysis of RWV trade-offs and limitations of alternative methods for drug metabolism studies.

Conclusions:

  • The NASA rotating wall vessel (RWV) shows promise for significantly improving preclinical drug testing by maintaining critical drug metabolism pathways.
  • Cost-effective scaling of RWV technology could revolutionize drug development, reducing late-stage failures and patient harm.
  • Further development and adoption of RWV systems could mitigate the risks associated with pharmaceutical adverse events.