Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Evolution of the Neurometabolic Cascade of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Neurologic clinics·2026
Same author

Active Rehabilitation and Return to Play in Sports-Related Concussion.

Neurologic clinics·2026
Same author

Autonomic Dysfunction and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: What Every Frontline Clinician Needs to Know.

Pediatric annals·2026
Same author

Recommendations for Medical Discharge Documentation and Academic Supports for University Students Recovering From Concussion.

The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation·2023
Same author

Frontoamygdala hyperconnectivity predicts affective dysregulation in adolescent moderate-severe TBI.

Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences·2023
Same author

Achieving Consensus Through a Modified Delphi Technique to Create the Post-concussion Collegiate Return-to-Learn Protocol.

Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
11:32

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

Published on: December 8, 2014

13.3K

The Pathophysiology of Concussion.

Meeryo C Choe1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, 22-474 MDCC, 10833 LeConte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1752, USA. mchoe@mednet.ucla.edu.

Current Pain and Headache Reports
|May 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Traumatic brain injuries, including concussion, impact brain cells. This review explores cellular changes after injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, aiding research into long-term effects.

Keywords:
Chronic traumatic encephalopathyConcussionDiffuse axonal injuryPathophysiology

More Related Videos

A Novel and Translational Rat Model of Concussion Combining Force and Rotation with In Vivo Cerebral Microdialysis
08:45

A Novel and Translational Rat Model of Concussion Combining Force and Rotation with In Vivo Cerebral Microdialysis

Published on: July 12, 2019

9.3K
A Preclinical Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Hemorrhage Contusion and Neuroinflammation
06:50

A Preclinical Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Hemorrhage Contusion and Neuroinflammation

Published on: June 10, 2020

2.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 16, 2026

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes
11:32

A Neuroscientific Approach to the Examination of Concussions in Student-Athletes

Published on: December 8, 2014

13.3K
A Novel and Translational Rat Model of Concussion Combining Force and Rotation with In Vivo Cerebral Microdialysis
08:45

A Novel and Translational Rat Model of Concussion Combining Force and Rotation with In Vivo Cerebral Microdialysis

Published on: July 12, 2019

9.3K
A Preclinical Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Hemorrhage Contusion and Neuroinflammation
06:50

A Preclinical Controlled Cortical Impact Model for Traumatic Hemorrhage Contusion and Neuroinflammation

Published on: June 10, 2020

2.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuropathology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Concussion is a significant medical and media concern.
  • Understanding brain injury, especially mild cases, is crucial due to long-term effects of sports.
  • Current knowledge of traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathophysiology, particularly at the cellular level, remains incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the basic neuropathology of TBI at the cellular level.
  • To discuss the pathology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and its relation to other neurodegenerative diseases.
  • To examine recent findings on imaging and biomarkers related to repeated subconcussive blows.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neuropathology studies.
  • Analysis of research on chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).
  • Synthesis of recent imaging and biomarker findings.

Main Results:

  • Basic neuropathology of TBI at the cellular level is discussed.
  • The pathology of CTE and its similarities to other neurodegenerative diseases are presented.
  • Emerging imaging and biomarker data on subconcussive blows are reviewed.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding cellular events post-TBI is key to addressing concussion symptoms and persistent post-concussive issues.
  • Research into CTE and its links to neurodegeneration is ongoing.
  • Further investigation is needed to determine if cumulative subconcussive forces are detrimental or if concussive symptoms indicate an injury threshold.