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Versatile theranostics agents designed by coating ferrite nanoparticles with biocompatible polymers.

M Zahraei1, M Marciello, A Lazaro-Carrillo

  • 1Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.

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Biocompatible polymers like PEG, dextran, and chitosan were used to coat magnetic nanoparticles, influencing their stability, relaxometry, and heating properties for potential theranostic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Controlling the colloidal stability and aggregation of magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) is crucial for their biomedical applications.
  • Biocompatible polymers offer versatile strategies for surface modification of NPs, impacting their physicochemical and biological properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of different polymer coatings (polyethylene glycol, dextran, chitosan) on the colloidal stability, relaxometric, and heating properties of magnetic nanoparticles.
  • To evaluate the potential of these coated NPs as theranostic agents for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
  • To assess the cytotoxicity of PEG-coated NPs for in vivo applications.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles (14 ± 5 nm).
  • Development of two coating strategies: amide bond formation and NP encapsulation with PEG, dextran, and chitosan.
  • Evaluation of relaxometric properties (T1 and T2 relaxation) and heating effects under an alternating magnetic field.
  • Cytotoxicity assessment of PEG-conjugated NPs using cell viability assays.

Main Results:

  • Polymer coating significantly influences NP aggregation and relaxometric properties; PEG reduces aggregation and relaxation, while dextran and chitosan promote aggregation and increase T2 values.
  • Dextran and chitosan coated NPs exhibit significant heating effects under alternating magnetic fields.
  • PEG-conjugated NPs demonstrate low cytotoxicity and high cell viability, suitable for intravenous administration and drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • The choice of polymer coating critically affects the properties of magnetic nanoparticles, enabling tunable relaxometric and heating responses.
  • Dextran and chitosan coated magnetic nanoparticles show promise as theranostic agents for cancer therapy.
  • PEG-coated magnetic nanoparticles are safe for in vivo applications and can serve as effective drug/biomolecule carriers.