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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
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A data-driven concept schema for defining clinical research data needs.

Gregory W Hruby1, Julia Hoxha1, Praveen Chandar Ravichandran1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, NY, New York, USA.

International Journal of Medical Informatics
|May 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new schema was developed to structure clinical research data needs, serving as a counterpart to the Patient, Intervention, Control/Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework. This improves communication between researchers and informaticians.

Keywords:
Comparative effectiveness researchData collectionMedical informaticsModelsNeeds assessmentTheoretical

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Informatics
  • Health Data Management
  • Research Methodology

Background:

  • The Patient, Intervention, Control/Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) framework effectively structures clinical questions.
  • A need exists for a similar framework to organize clinical research data requirements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a schema that structures clinical research data needs, analogous to the PICO framework.
  • To enhance communication regarding data requirements between researchers and informaticians.

Main Methods:

  • A data-driven approach was used, adapting an existing expert-derived framework.
  • Clinical trial eligibility criteria, EHR data request logs, and EHR queries were annotated.
  • A schema was iteratively refined based on expert evaluations of coverage, preservation, generalizability, understandability, and correctness.

Main Results:

  • The developed schema preserved 68% of classes from the original framework and covered 88% of proposed classes.
  • Class coverage varied from 60% to 100% among experts, with a median agreement of 95%.
  • The schema was evaluated as understandable and structurally sound.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed schema can function as a counterpart to PICO for clinical research.
  • It facilitates improved communication of research data needs between researchers and informaticians.