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Related Concept Videos

Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

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Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
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Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male...
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Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

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Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
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Centrosome Duplication02:25

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The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
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Spindle Assembly02:50

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
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Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes
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Asterless is required for centriole length control and sperm development.

Brian J Galletta1, Katherine C Jacobs1, Carey J Fagerstrom1

  • 1Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.

The Journal of Cell Biology
|May 18, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asterless (Asl) protein controls centriole length and basal body function, independent of its role in centriole duplication. This finding offers insights into Cep152 mutations linked to microcephaly.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Centrioles are crucial for centrosome and cilia formation.
  • Mutations in centriole proteins, like Cep152, are associated with diseases such as microcephaly.
  • The centriole protein Asterless (Asl) is essential for centriole duplication, limiting studies on its other functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the duplication-independent functions of Asterless (Asl) in Drosophila.
  • To elucidate the role of Asl in centriole length control and basal body function.
  • To understand the contribution of Asl/Cep152 to diseases like microcephaly.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of cells with Asl-free centrioles in developing Drosophila tissues.
  • Analysis of Asl's role in centriole length regulation and centrosome function.
  • Assessment of Asl's requirement for basal body and axoneme formation.

Main Results:

  • Asl controls centriole length in both germline and somatic cells, mediated by Cep97.
  • Asl is not essential for pericentriolar material recruitment or mitotic spindle organization.
  • Asl is required for proper basal body function and spermatid axoneme formation.

Conclusions:

  • Asl/Cep152 has critical functions beyond centriole duplication, including centriole length control and basal body function.
  • Understanding these non-duplication roles of Asl/Cep152 may illuminate the mechanisms underlying Cep152-associated microcephaly.
  • This study provides new avenues for research into centriole biology and associated human diseases.