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Measurement of Tumor T2* Relaxation Times after Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Administration

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T2* Measurement bias due to concomitant gradient fields.

Lorne W Hofstetter¹, Glen Morrell¹, Joshua Kaggie^1,2

¹Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|May 18, 2016

Summary

Concomitant magnetic fields cause significant T2* relaxometry errors in MRI, impacting clinical applications like BOLD and DSC-MRI. Adjusting imaging parameters may reduce these measurement biases.

Keywords:

BOLD T2*concomitant gradient fields iron quantification renal-BOLD

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Area of Science:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Biophysics
Medical Physics

Background:

T2* relaxometry is crucial for quantitative MRI, providing insights into tissue properties.
Concomitant magnetic fields from gradient coils can introduce artifacts.
Understanding these artifacts is vital for accurate clinical interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of concomitant magnetic fields on T2* relaxometry.
To quantify spatially dependent biases in T2* measurements.
To assess implications for clinical MRI applications like BOLD and DSC-MRI.

Main Methods:

Developed a theoretical framework for intravoxel dephasing and signal loss due to concomitant fields.
Validated the framework using phantom experiments and numerical simulations.
Quantified T2* measurement bias in lower leg and renal imaging with clinical-like protocols.

Main Results:

Phantom experiments and simulations confirmed the theoretical framework.
T2* mapping in the lower leg showed up to 15% bias.
Renal T2* mapping exhibited up to 35% bias due to concomitant gradient effects.

Conclusions:

Concomitant magnetic fields can induce clinically significant T2* mapping errors, especially with high-amplitude, long-duration gradients.
These errors have implications for BOLD and DSC-MRI.
Optimizing imaging parameters can potentially mitigate these measurement biases.