[Ocular Manifestations in Sarcoidosis]

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Rheumatology
• Immunology

Background:

• Sarcoidosis is a multi-organ inflammatory disease characterized by non-necrotizing granulomas of unknown cause.
• While predominantly affecting the lungs, sarcoidosis can impact any organ, with ocular involvement occurring in 25-50% of patients.
• Anterior uveitis is the most common ocular manifestation of sarcoidosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To outline the diagnostic and management strategies for ocular sarcoidosis.
• To emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary assessment for suspected cases.
• To highlight key diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches for ocular sarcoidosis.

Main Methods:

• Interdisciplinary patient assessment including laboratory tests and chest X-ray.
• Ophthalmological evaluation with a focus on detecting granulomatous lesions, utilizing fluorescein and indocyanin green angiography.
• Exclusion of other granulomatous inflammatory causes like tuberculosis and syphilis.

Main Results:

• Ocular involvement, particularly uveitis, is a frequent manifestation of sarcoidosis.
• Effective diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary approach and specialized imaging.
• Cystoid macular edema and glaucoma are common complications impacting visual acuity.

Conclusions:

• Prompt and accurate diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis is essential for preserving vision.
• Corticosteroids are the primary treatment, with steroid-sparing immunosuppressants indicated for complex cases.
• Management necessitates a comprehensive strategy addressing both ocular inflammation and potential complications.