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The relationship between panic attacks and chemical dependencies.

B J Cox1, G R Norton, J Dorward

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Addictive Behaviors
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Over half of patients in alcohol/drug abuse treatment reported panic attacks, often self-medicating with alcohol. These patients showed higher psychopathology than non-panickers.

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Panic attacks are a significant concern in substance use disorders.
  • Understanding the comorbidity of panic and substance abuse is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and characteristics of panic attacks in an inpatient alcohol/drug abuse population.
  • To compare patients with and without panic attacks on psychopathology measures.
  • To examine differences among patients experiencing panic attacks.

Main Methods:

  • 144 patients completed self-report questionnaires over 17 weeks.
  • Psychopathology measures and caregiver ratings were utilized.
  • Comparative analyses were performed between panickers and non-panickers, and within the panicker group.

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Main Results:

  • Over 50% of patients reported panic attacks in the preceding three weeks.
  • Patients with panic attacks scored higher on psychopathology measures.
  • 83% of panickers used alcohol for self-medication, believing it to be effective.
  • Differences were observed between male and female panickers, and based on the onset of panic relative to alcohol abuse.

Conclusions:

  • Panic attacks are highly prevalent in inpatient alcohol/drug abuse populations.
  • Self-medication of panic attacks with alcohol is common and perceived as effective.
  • Panic disorder comorbidity significantly impacts psychopathology in this population.
  • Further research into gender and onset differences in panic among substance abusers is warranted.