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Velocity-dependent quantum phase slips in 1D atomic superfluids.

Luca Tanzi1, Simona Scaffidi Abbate1, Federica Cataldini1

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Researchers experimentally demonstrated quantum phase slips in ultracold quantum gases. They observed a crossover from thermally-assisted to purely quantum phase slips in one-dimensional superfluids, confirming theoretical predictions.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Ultracold atomic gases

Background:

  • Quantum phase slips are key excitations in 1D superfluids and superconductors.
  • Their experimental demonstration in ultracold quantum gases remains elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the nucleation rate of quantum phase slips.
  • To study their behavior in one-dimensional superfluids using ultracold quantum gases.

Main Methods:

  • Realization of one-dimensional superfluids with ultracold quantum gases.
  • Flowing the superfluids along a periodic potential.
  • Measuring the nucleation rate of phase slips.

Main Results:

  • Observed a crossover in dissipation regimes based on velocity and interaction strength.
  • Identified a transition from temperature-dependent to velocity-dependent dissipation.
  • Results align with theoretical predictions of phase slip behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental evidence for quantum phase slips in ultracold quantum gases.
  • Demonstrated a crossover from thermally-assisted to purely quantum phase slips.
  • Provides a new platform for studying quantum phenomena in superfluids.