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Related Concept Videos

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Postoperative Nursing Management for Kidney Transplant PatientsPostoperative nursing management care includes monitoring the surgical site, encouraging early movement, and promoting lung health through breathing exercises. Nurses also administer prescribed medications like H2-blockers, such as famotidine, or proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, to help prevent gastrointestinal ulcers and bleeding. Fungal infections in the mouth and bladder can result from immunosuppressive and antibiotic...
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Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders.

Vikas R Dharnidharka1, Angela C Webster2, Olivia M Martinez3

  • 1Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus BOX 8116, Room NWT 10-119, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|May 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are aggressive lymphoid cell growths following transplants. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) drives many cases, necessitating tailored prevention and treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) are uncontrolled lymphoid cell growths post-transplant due to immunosuppression.
  • PTLDs share features with lymphomas and are often linked to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of PTLD, encompassing its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.
  • To highlight the distinct characteristics and risk factors associated with PTLDs after solid organ versus hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on PTLD.
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, including histopathology and imaging.
  • Examination of established and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • EBV is a critical factor in many PTLDs, particularly early-onset cases.
  • Key risk factors include recipient EBV seronegativity and immunosuppression intensity.
  • Pre-emptive EBV monitoring and reduction of immunosuppression are crucial for prevention and treatment.

Conclusions:

  • PTLD management requires a multi-faceted approach, including immunosuppression modulation, targeted therapies like rituximab, chemotherapy, and cellular therapies.
  • Despite advances, PTLD poses significant morbidity and mortality, emphasizing the need for innovative treatments.
  • Patient outcomes are influenced by disease severity, treatment complications, and graft survival.