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Related Concept Videos

Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

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The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
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Colonisation of Pathogens01:25

Colonisation of Pathogens

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Pathogen colonization of host tissues is a critical step in the development of infectious diseases. Various pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, have evolved complex strategies to attach to, invade, and persist within host environments. These mechanisms enable pathogens to establish infections, evade immune responses, and resist antimicrobial treatments.Attachment to Host CellsIn bacteria, colonization typically begins with adherence to host epithelial...
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Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

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Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
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Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 21, 2026

Glycomics-Guided Glycoproteomics Facilitates Comprehensive Profiling of the Glycoproteome in Complex Tumor Microenvironments
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Glycomaterials for probing host-pathogen interactions and the immune response.

Mia L Huang1, Christopher J Fisher1, Kamil Godula2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Experimental Biology and Medicine (Maywood, N.J.)
|May 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Pathogens use cell surface glycans for host cell entry and immune evasion. Glycomaterials help researchers understand these interactions to develop new infection control strategies.

Keywords:
Glycomaterialsglycobiologyglycocalyximmunology/microbiology/virologyimmunomodulationpathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate chemistry
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Pathogen adhesion to host cells is often initiated by interactions with cell surface glycans.
  • Glycans on the host cell surface play critical roles in modulating immune responses to infection.
  • Understanding these glycan-mediated interactions is crucial for developing effective anti-infective strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the contributions of glycomaterials in understanding pathogen interactions with host glycans.
  • To highlight how glycomaterials aid in deciphering host immune responses to infection.
  • To showcase the role of glycomaterials in developing strategies against infectious diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing glycomaterials to probe the glycocalyx.
  • Investigating glycan-pathogen interactions.
  • Analyzing glycan's role in host immune modulation.

Main Results:

  • Glycomaterials offer insights into the complex mechanisms of pathogenesis.
  • Glycomaterials facilitate the study of glycan-mediated immune responses.
  • This research area provides tools for developing novel therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Glycomaterials are powerful tools for studying host-pathogen interactions.
  • Understanding glycan roles is key to combating infectious diseases.
  • Further research with glycomaterials can lead to advanced infection management strategies.