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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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The nursing management of Mitral Valve Prolapse, or MVP, centers around patient education, symptom monitoring, and lifestyle modifications.Patient Education on MVP Diagnosis and Heredity: Nurses should provide comprehensive education about MVP, a condition where the mitral valve does not close appropriately during heartbeats. This education often includes the condition's pathophysiology, symptoms, and potential complications, like arrhythmias or mitral regurgitation. Though not fully...
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Hepatitis B in Pregnancy.

Tram T Tran1

  • 1Liver Transplantation, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.

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|May 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects over 350 million globally. Preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) through vaccination and immune globulin is crucial but faces barriers in endemic regions.

Keywords:
hepatitis Bperinatal transmissionpregnancyvaccination HBIG

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Virology
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection impacts over 350 million individuals worldwide.
  • HBV infection is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is a significant contributor to new HBV infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the global burden of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
  • To identify barriers hindering the eradication of HBV via MTCT.
  • To emphasize the importance of immunoprophylaxis in preventing HBV transmission.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on HBV epidemiology and MTCT.
  • Analysis of current strategies for HBV prevention.
  • Identification of challenges in immunoprophylaxis implementation.

Main Results:

  • Chronic HBV affects a substantial global population, leading to severe liver disease.
  • MTCT remains a primary driver of new HBV cases.
  • Underutilization and failure of immunoprophylaxis (vaccination and immune globulin) are key obstacles.

Conclusions:

  • Eradicating HBV through MTCT prevention requires addressing barriers to immunoprophylaxis.
  • Increased access and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccination and immune globulin are essential in endemic areas.
  • Overcoming challenges in HBV immunoprophylaxis is critical for reducing global disease burden.