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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...
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Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
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Implicit Working Memory: Implications for Assessment and Treatment.

Arthur W Joyce1

  • 1a Private Practice, Clinical Neuropsychology , Irving , Texas.

Applied Neuropsychology. Child
|May 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Implicit working memory (WM) drives automated behavior through brain systems, impacting adaptive skills. Understanding implicit WM is key for effective cognitive training and treating WM deficits.

Keywords:
basal gangliacerebellumneuropsychological testingworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuropsychology

Background:

  • Working memory (WM) is crucial for cognitive function, yet implicit WM is often overlooked in assessments and training.
  • This oversight may contribute to inconsistent outcomes in WM training studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of implicit WM in adaptive behavior.
  • To explore the neural mechanisms underlying implicit WM, focusing on perception-action linkages.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on implicit WM.
  • Examination of the interaction between WM and cortical-subcortical systems (cerebellum, basal ganglia).

Main Results:

  • Implicit WM is vital for behavior automation via sensory-motor anticipation and reward prediction.
  • The cerebellum refines WM representations, while basal ganglia regulate information access based on reward probability.
  • Perception-action linkages are formed through interactions with the cerebellum and basal ganglia.

Conclusions:

  • Implicit WM is integral to automating behavior and adaptive functioning.
  • Assessment of automated behavior can utilize tasks like Trails B and Stroop.
  • Skill learning focused on automation offers a new model for WM training interventions.