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Dielectrophoretic applications for disease diagnostics using lab-on-a-chip platforms.

Ezekiel O Adekanmbi1, Soumya K Srivastava

  • 1Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, 83844-1021, Idaho, USA. srivastavask@uidaho.edu.

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Dielectrophoresis (DEP) offers a tag-free method to identify cellular differences and monitor cell states. This technique can differentiate diseased cells from healthy ones by exploiting variations in dielectric properties, aiding in disease diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a label-free technique for analyzing cell properties.
  • Cellular dielectric properties vary based on physiological state, including disease.
  • DEP can distinguish between live and dead cells and monitor cellular changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and understand the application of dielectrophoresis in manipulating diseased cells.
  • To explore how DEP differentiates diseased cells from healthy cells based on dielectric properties.
  • To compile and compare research findings on DEP for abnormal cell manipulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing dielectrophoretic forces (positive and negative) to trap or separate cells.
  • Analyzing differences in cell membrane permittivity, conductivity, and morphology.
  • Investigating electric double layer effects and surface charges.

Main Results:

  • Diseased cells (e.g., malaria, cancer, dengue, anthrax, trypanosomiasis) exhibit distinct dielectric polarizabilities.
  • DEP enables spatial manipulation (trapping or separation) of diseased cells.
  • The technique allows discrimination of diseased cells without biochemical markers.

Conclusions:

  • Dielectrophoresis is a promising tool for identifying and manipulating diseased cells.
  • DEP's ability to exploit dielectric differences offers a label-free diagnostic approach.
  • Further research can enhance DEP applications in disease detection and cell separation.