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Quantitative, Qualitative and Geospatial Methods to Characterize HIV Risk Environments.

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Researchers developed and tested mixed methods to study the HIV risk environment for female sex workers (FSWs) in Mexico. This novel approach captured geospatial data on environmental factors influencing health risks in marginalized populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Geospatial Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Place and environment significantly influence health risks, particularly for marginalized populations in low and middle-income countries (LMICs).
  • Studying the environmental risk factors for high-risk groups like female sex workers (FSWs) in LMICs presents unique methodological challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the development, implementation, and feasibility of a novel mixed-methods approach to assess the HIV risk environment of FSWs.
  • To capture geospatial data on environmental factors influencing HIV risk behaviors among FSWs in LMICs.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study, Mapa de Salud, utilized participatory mapping, quantitative interviews, venue observations, time-location-activity diaries, and in-depth interviews.
  • This mixed-methods approach combined qualitative and quantitative tools to explore the daily activity spaces and risk environments of FSWs.

Main Results:

  • The mixed-methods approach was found to be feasible to implement and acceptable to participants.
  • The study generated geospatial data illustrating the role of the environment in drug and sexual risk behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Adapted mixed-methods are effective for studying marginalized populations in resource-constrained settings.
  • This approach offers new opportunities for informing public health interventions by understanding environmental influences on health risks.