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In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
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Short-term regulation of food intake primarily involves neural signals from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, blood nutrient levels, and GI tract hormones. Communication between the gut and brain via vagal nerve fibers plays a significant role in evaluating the contents of the gut. Clinical studies have shown that protein ingestion produces a more prolonged response in these nerve fibers compared to an equivalent amount of glucose. Additionally, the activation of stretch receptors caused by GI...
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IBD: In Food We Trust.

Rachel Marion-Letellier1, Guillaume Savoye2,3, Subrata Ghosh4

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Diet plays a significant role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) development and relapse. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of nutrient-inflammation crosstalk can guide dietary counseling for IBD patients, potentially restoring innate immunity.

Keywords:
Crohn’s diseaseInnate immunityNODTLRdietulcerative colitis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Patients and scientific literature recognize a strong association between diet and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • Existing scientific evidence supporting specific dietary advice for IBD is limited, often restricting counseling to nutritional support.
  • Patient beliefs regarding diet's role in IBD are prevalent, yet molecular underpinnings require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review patient perceptions and molecular mechanisms linking nutrients to inflammation in IBD.
  • To explore the scientific rationale for dietary interventions in managing IBD.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed (inception to January 20, 2016) using keywords related to IBD and diet/nutrients.
  • Inclusion of basic science, epidemiological, and clinical trial studies published in English.
  • Manual searching of reference lists for additional relevant publications.

Main Results:

  • Epidemiological studies confirm diet's crucial role in IBD development.
  • Many IBD patients identify diet as a trigger for disease relapse.
  • Research indicates that nutrients significantly impact innate immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Diet represents a potential strategy for restoring immune deficiencies in IBD.
  • The molecular understanding of nutrient-inflammation interactions provides a scientific basis for dietary counseling in IBD management.