Biosensors and their applications - A review

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Biosensors are analytical devices that convert biological or biochemical reactions into measurable signals.
• Diverse biosensor types exist, including enzyme-based, tissue-based, immunosensors, DNA biosensors, thermal, and piezoelectric biosensors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the various types of biosensors.
• To highlight their indispensable applications in multitudinous fields.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of biosensor types and applications.
• Discussion of specific examples in different sectors.

Main Results:

• Biosensors are crucial for quality control and safety in the food industry.
• They enable precise glucose detection in fermentation and saccharification processes.
• Biosensors facilitate in vivo monitoring of cellular metabolism in metabolic engineering.
• Applications in medical science include early detection of heart diseases and rapid identification of human papilloma virus.
• Fluorescent biosensors are vital for drug discovery and cancer research.
• Plant biology benefits from biosensors for understanding metabolic processes.
• Other significant applications are found in defense, clinical settings, and marine environments.

Conclusions:

• Biosensors offer versatile and indispensable tools across a wide spectrum of scientific and industrial applications.
• Their continued development promises further advancements in diagnostics, monitoring, and research.