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Updated: Mar 21, 2026
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Characteristics of Precipitation-formed Polyethylene Glycol Microgels Are Controlled by Molecular Weight of Reactants
Published on: December 23, 2013
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Immediate-type hypersensitivity to polyethylene glycols: a review
1Danish Anaesthesia Allergy Centre, Allergy Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark.
Summary
Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) hypersensitivity is an underrecognized cause of allergic reactions. Increased awareness and diagnostic testing are crucial for identifying PEG allergy and preventing severe reactions.
Area of Science:
- Allergy and Immunology
- Pharmacology
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Polyethylene glycols (PEGs), also known as macrogols, are widely used polyether compounds in medical and household products.
- Despite being generally considered biologically inert, immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions to PEGs are increasingly reported.
- Low awareness of PEG's allergenic potential, lack of suspicion towards excipients, and insufficient product labeling contribute to underdiagnosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To raise awareness of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hypersensitivity among healthcare professionals.
- To provide a comprehensive review of reported PEG hypersensitivity cases and diagnostic approaches.
- To offer practical guidance for allergists and healthcare providers in managing suspected PEG allergy.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of reported cases of PEG hypersensitivity since 1977.
- Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges associated with PEG allergy.
- Development of a proposed algorithm for the diagnostic management of PEG hypersensitivity.
Main Results:
- The review details the clinical picture of 37 reported cases of PEG hypersensitivity.
- Identifies situations where PEG hypersensitivity should be considered in differential diagnoses.
- Highlights the underestimation of PEG sensitization and cross-reactivity potential with PEGylated drugs.
Conclusions:
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hypersensitivity is an emerging clinical concern with potentially severe immediate-type reactions.
- Improved awareness, diagnostic testing, and clear product labeling are essential for timely diagnosis and patient safety.
- Healthcare professionals require education on PEG's role in hypersensitivity reactions to avoid misdiagnosis and repeated exposures.
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