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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

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Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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The See Kidney Disease Targeted Screening Program for CKD.

Lauren E Galbraith1, Paul E Ronksley1, Lianne J Barnieh2

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Summary

Targeted screening in Canada identified a high prevalence of unrecognized chronic kidney disease (CKD) among adults with risk factors. Individual-targeted screening was more effective than community-targeted events in detecting CKD.

Keywords:
CanadaHumansPrevalenceRenal Insufficiency, Chronicchronic kidney diseasecreatinineglomerular filtration ratehypertensionkidneytargeted screening

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Effectiveness of targeted screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains largely unknown.
  • The See Kidney Disease (SeeKD) project was initiated to determine the prevalence of unrecognized CKD in Canada.
  • CKD affects a significant portion of the population, often remaining undiagnosed until advanced stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of unrecognized CKD in Canada through targeted screening.
  • To compare the effectiveness of individual-targeted versus community-targeted screening strategies.
  • To identify adults with risk factors for CKD for early detection.

Main Methods:

  • The SeeKD project utilized a convenience sample approach across Canada.
  • Adults with CKD risk factors (e.g., diabetes, hypertension) underwent point-of-care creatinine measurement.
  • Screening strategies were categorized as individual-targeted or community-targeted, with prevalence calculated for each.

Main Results:

  • 6,329 Canadians participated; 88.9% reported at least one CKD risk factor.
  • 18.8% of screened participants had unrecognized CKD, with most having stage 3a CKD.
  • Prevalence of unrecognized CKD was higher with individual-targeted screening (21.9%) compared to community-targeted screening (14.7%).

Conclusions:

  • Targeted screening effectively identifies individuals with CKD risk factors and a high prevalence of unrecognized CKD.
  • Individual-targeted screening demonstrated higher effectiveness in detecting unrecognized CKD.
  • Future research should focus on the role of targeted screening in promoting self-management behaviors for individuals with CKD.