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Endemic goitre in Sri Lanka.

M A Fernando, S Balasuriya, K B Herath

    Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health
    |January 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary

    A Sri Lankan survey found 18.8% of children have goitre, with higher rates in girls, rural, and inland areas. This highlights the need for public health interventions like salt iodization.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology

    Background:

    • Goitre, an enlargement of the thyroid gland, is a significant public health concern, particularly in regions with iodine deficiency.
    • Understanding the prevalence and distribution of goitre is crucial for effective public health strategies and interventions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To assess the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of goitre in schoolchildren across Sri Lanka.
    • To identify risk factors and geographical variations associated with goitre.
    • To provide recommendations for public health interventions.

    Main Methods:

    • A comprehensive survey was conducted involving 59,158 children from 87 schools across 17 districts in Sri Lanka.
    • Data collection included physical examination for goitre and recording of demographic information (sex, location).
    • Statistical analysis was performed to determine prevalence rates, sex ratios, and geographical variations.

    Main Results:

    • The overall prevalence of goitre was 18.8%, with higher rates in girls (23.2%) than boys (14.0%).
    • Prevalence varied significantly by district, ranging from 30.2% in Kalutara to 6.5% in Matale.
    • Goitre was more prevalent in rural compared to urban areas, and in inland compared to coastal regions.

    Conclusions:

    • The study indicates a substantial public health burden of goitre in Sri Lankan schoolchildren, necessitating targeted interventions.
    • A palpable-to-visible goitre ratio below four suggests endemicity and warrants public health action.
    • Salt iodization is proposed as a practical and feasible strategy to combat goitre in Sri Lanka.

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