Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The de Broglie Wavelength02:32

The de Broglie Wavelength

34.4K
In the macroscopic world, objects that are large enough to be seen by the naked eye follow the rules of classical physics. A billiard ball moving on a table will behave like a particle; it will continue traveling in a straight line unless it collides with another ball, or it is acted on by some other force, such as friction. The ball has a well-defined position and velocity or well-defined momentum, p = mv, which is defined by mass m and velocity v at any given moment. This is the typical...
34.4K
The Uncertainty Principle04:08

The Uncertainty Principle

34.5K
Werner Heisenberg considered the limits of how accurately one can measure properties of an electron or other microscopic particles. He determined that there is a fundamental limit to how accurately one can measure both a particle’s position and its momentum simultaneously. The more accurate the measurement of the momentum of a particle is known, the less accurate the position at that time is known and vice versa. This is what is now called the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. He...
34.5K
The Energies of Atomic Orbitals03:21

The Energies of Atomic Orbitals

30.9K
In an atom, the negatively charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. In a multielectron atom, electron-electron repulsions are also observed. The attractive and repulsive forces are dependent on the distance between the particles, as well as the sign and magnitude of the charges on the individual particles. When the charges on the particles are opposite, they attract each other. If both particles have the same charge, they repel each other.
30.9K
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

1.9K
An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
1.9K
Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

943
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
943
Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

2.3K
Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gap Opening in Graphene-Based 2D Heterostructures: The Interplay of Spin-Orbit Coupling, Hybridization, and Symmetry.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Simulation of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Polyalanine α-Helices: Development and Application of an Effective Potential for Film Structure Predictions.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Tailoring the adhesion properties of thin polymeric films using additives: an AFM study.

Nanoscale advances·2026
Same author

Lithographically Controlled Liquid Metal Diffusion in Graphene: Fabrication and Magnetotransport Signatures of Superconductivity.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025
Same author

Pb(111) islands adsorbed on epitaxial graphene: a magnetotransport study.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2025
Same author

Distance-Dependence of Photo-CIDNP in Biomimetic Tryptophan-Flavin Diads.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

16.2K

Electron Interference in Ballistic Graphene Nanoconstrictions.

Jens Baringhaus1, Mikkel Settnes2, Johannes Aprojanz1

  • 1Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|May 21, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers created tiny constrictions in graphene nanoribbons, observing quantum interference. These graphene nanoribbon devices show promise for future carbon-based electronics, even at room temperature.

More Related Videos

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma
09:48

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma

Published on: February 2, 2012

15.8K
Graphene Enclosure of Chemically Fixed Mammalian Cells for Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy
10:12

Graphene Enclosure of Chemically Fixed Mammalian Cells for Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy

Published on: September 21, 2020

7.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
11:42

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities

Published on: July 24, 2015

16.2K
Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma
09:48

Simultaneous Synthesis of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in a Magnetically-enhanced Arc Plasma

Published on: February 2, 2012

15.8K
Graphene Enclosure of Chemically Fixed Mammalian Cells for Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy
10:12

Graphene Enclosure of Chemically Fixed Mammalian Cells for Liquid-Phase Electron Microscopy

Published on: September 21, 2020

7.6K

Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) exhibit unique electronic properties due to quantum confinement.
  • Ballistic transport in nanostructures is crucial for understanding fundamental quantum phenomena.
  • Fabricating high-quality, precisely controlled nanostructures is essential for advanced electronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and characterize nanometer-sized constrictions in ballistic graphene nanoribbons.
  • To investigate electronic quantum interference phenomena in these precisely controlled structures.
  • To explore the potential of these devices as building blocks for future carbon-based electronics.

Main Methods:

  • Growth of high-quality graphene nanoribbons on silicon carbide (SiC) mesa structures.
  • In situ transport measurements at various temperatures to probe device characteristics.
  • Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) lithography for precise control of constriction sizes.

Main Results:

  • Observation of multiple electronic quantum interference phenomena, including Fabry-Perot-like resonances.
  • Resonance energies are directly correlated with the precisely controlled constriction sizes.
  • Experimental results show quantitative agreement with tight-binding calculations for temperature and size dependence.

Conclusions:

  • Nanometer-sized constrictions in ballistic graphene nanoribbons enable the observation of quantum interference.
  • The precise control over constriction size and the observed phenomena at room temperature highlight their potential.
  • These devices represent promising building blocks for the development of next-generation carbon-based electronic technologies.