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Published on: September 21, 2017
Effect of mouthguards on impact to the craniomandibular complex
Yuto Tanaka1, Tsuyoshi Tsugawa1, Yoshinobu Maeda1
1Department of Prosthodontics, Gerodontology and Oral Rehabilitation, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Background:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wearing a mouthguard and teeth-clenching on impact to the head and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during a blow to the jaw.
Material And Methods:
A custom-made mouthguard was fabricated for five participants. A 4.1-N impact load was applied to the chin with a pendulum. Two acceleration sensors were attached to the forehead and left TMJ. The amplitudes and durations of the accelerations were obtained under five conditions: mouth-open without mouthguard; light teeth-clenching without mouthguard; maximum voluntary clenching (MVC) without mouthguard; mouth-open with mouthguard and MVC with mouthguard.
Results:
Wearing a mouthguard led to significant decreases in the amplitude (mouth-open with mouthguard vs mouth-open without mouthguard, P = 0.035 at forehead, P = 0.022 at TMJ) and duration (mouth-open with mouthguard vs mouth-open without mouthguard, P = 0.043 at forehead, not significant at TMJ). Similarly, teeth-clenching caused significant decreases in the amplitude (mouth-open without mouthguard vs MVC without mouthguard, P = 0.024 at forehead, P = 0.025 at TMJ) and duration (mouth-open without mouthguard vs MVC without mouthguard, P = 0.033 at forehead, not significant at TMJ). Furthermore, wearing a mouthguard in itself provided an impact reduction effect similar to the combination of teeth-clenching and wearing a mouthguard.
Conclusions:
Wearing a mouthguard and/or teeth-clenching reduced the impact to the head and TMJ during a blow to the jaw. However, it should be noted that the findings are the results from a small impact load to the jaw.
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