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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Related Experiment Video

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Increase or Decrease of fMRI Activity in Adult Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder: Does It Depend on Task

Stefanie C Biehl, Christian J Merz, Thomas Dresler

    The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show different brain activation during working memory tasks compared to controls. Methylphenidate treatment increased frontal brain activation in ADHD patients, suggesting a therapeutic effect.

    Keywords:
    adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorderclinical trialfMRImethylphenidateworking memory

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Psychiatry
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) impacts working memory and attentional networks.
    • fMRI studies show hypoactivation in pediatric ADHD, but adult studies are limited.
    • Research on methylphenidate's effects in adult ADHD is scarce.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate working memory-related brain activation in adults with ADHD.
    • Examine the effects of methylphenidate treatment on brain activation in adult ADHD.
    • Compare brain activation patterns between adult ADHD patients and healthy controls.

    Main Methods:

    • 35 adult ADHD patients underwent 6 weeks of double-blind placebo or methylphenidate treatment.
    • fMRI n-back working memory task administered pre- and post-treatment.
    • Comparison with matched healthy controls.

    Main Results:

    • No whole-brain differences were observed between groups.
    • Untreated adult ADHD patients exhibited enhanced BOLD responses in dorsal and ventral regions during the task.
    • Methylphenidate treatment increased activation in the right superior frontal gyrus in ADHD patients.

    Conclusions:

    • Adult ADHD patients show distinct brain activation patterns during working memory tasks compared to controls.
    • Enhanced activation in untreated patients may indicate compensatory mechanisms.
    • Methylphenidate positively affects frontal brain activation, supporting its therapeutic role in adult ADHD.