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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Testing for Odor Discrimination and Habituation in Mice
06:41

Testing for Odor Discrimination and Habituation in Mice

Published on: May 5, 2015

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Combinatorial effects of odorants on mouse behavior.

Luis R Saraiva1, Kunio Kondoh1, Xiaolan Ye1

  • 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

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Innate odor responses are not fixed; they depend on context. A single odor receptor signal can block innate aversion, showing brain modulation of instinctive behaviors.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory System
  • Behavioral Biology

Background:

  • The neural basis of how odors trigger instinctive behaviors remains largely unknown.
  • Odor detection involves numerous odorant receptors (ORs) and trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs), with combinatorial coding.
  • Instinctive odor responses were thought to be stereotyped and resistant to external odor influences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether innate odor-induced behaviors are context-dependent.
  • To explore how different odorant ligands and mixtures affect behavioral responses.
  • To determine the role of specific receptors in modulating innate odor aversion.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro testing of single receptors with binary odorant mixtures.
Keywords:
TAARbehaviorodorantsolfaction

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  • Genetic ablation of specific odor receptors in mice.
  • Behavioral assays measuring responses to various odorants, including predator odors.

    • Main Results:

    • Different ligands for the same TAAR produced varying behavioral effects.
    • Attractive and aversive odorants neutralized each other's behavioral impact when combined.
    • A TAAR ligand and a common odorant blocked aversion to a predator odor, independent of nasal receptor antagonism.
    • Blocking predator odor aversion required sensory input from a specific receptor.

    Conclusions:

    • Innate odor-induced behaviors are context-dependent, not fixed.
    • Signals from a single odor receptor can modulate innate odor aversion.
    • Instinctive behavioral responses to odors are subject to modulation through brain interactions between signals from different receptors.