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Updated: Mar 20, 2026

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2014

Structure-informed insights for NLR functioning in plant immunity.

Octavina C A Sukarta¹, Erik J Slootweg¹, Aska Goverse¹

¹Dept. of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

|May 22, 2016

Summary

Plants utilize Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) for immunity. Recent structural and biochemical studies reveal novel insights into plant NLR functioning and immune response activation.

Keywords:

Cell death Disease resistance Effector Molecular switch NB-LRR immune receptor Pathogen recognition

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Area of Science:

Plant immunity
Molecular biology
Structural biology

Background:

Plants possess a multilayered immune system with intracellular Nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs).
NLRs recognize pathogen effectors, triggering defense responses and programmed cell death.
Plant NLR structure-function relationships remain largely unelucidated compared to metazoan counterparts.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advances in understanding plant NLR functioning.
To highlight structural and biochemical insights into NLRs as pathogen sensors and immune activators.
To explore the structural diversity and functional models of plant NLRs.

Main Methods:

Analysis of recently obtained crystal structures of plant NLR domains.
Biochemical and structure-informed analyses of NLR domain cooperation and complex formation.
Review of studies on novel integrated domains within NLRs.

Main Results:

First crystal structures of plant NLR domains provide a structural basis for their function.
Biochemical data reveal insights into NLR domain interactions and complex assembly.
Discovery of novel integrated domains expands models of plant NLR function.
Evidence for coordinated action of NLR pairs in pathogen sensing and immune execution.

Conclusions:

Recent structural and biochemical studies are significantly advancing our understanding of plant NLRs.
NLRs exhibit structural diversity, offering alternative mechanisms for immune receptor function.
These findings provide crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant immunity.