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Altered executive function in the welders: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Jeehye Seo1, Yongmin Chang2, Kyung Eun Jang1

  • 1Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.

Neurotoxicology and Teratology
|May 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure impairs executive functions. Welders showed altered brain activity in the prefrontal cortex and reduced insula activation during demanding cognitive tasks compared to controls.

Keywords:
Executive functionManganese (Mn) exposureWisconsin Card Sorting TaskfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Occupational Health
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure is linked to motor and cognitive deficits.
  • Mn-induced executive dysfunction is a growing concern, particularly in occupational settings.
  • Welders represent a population with potential for significant Mn exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the neural correlates of executive function between welders and healthy controls.
  • To investigate the impact of cognitive demand on brain activation patterns.
  • To explore the relationship between executive performance and brain activity in welders.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess brain activity.
  • Participants performed modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Tasks (WCST) with varying cognitive loads and a high-level baseline task.
  • Standardized tests (Card Sorting Test, Word-Color Test) evaluated executive functions.

Main Results:

  • Healthy controls exhibited greater activation in the superior-frontal cortex, inferior parietal cortex, and insula during high-demand tasks compared to welders.
  • Welders demonstrated altered neural processing in the prefrontal cortex under high cognitive demand.
  • Reduced insula cortex activation was observed in welders, correlating with executive function test performance.

Conclusions:

  • Welders exhibit distinct neural processing patterns related to executive function, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, under demanding cognitive conditions.
  • Manganese exposure in welders is associated with altered brain activation in key executive function networks, including the insula, lateral prefrontal cortex, and parietal cortex.
  • These findings highlight the neurotoxic effects of chronic manganese exposure on executive functions and associated neural circuitry.