Explaining socio-economic inequalities in immunization coverage in Nigeria

Area of Science:

• Global Health
• Pediatrics
• Public Health Policy

Background:

• Millions of children under five die annually from infectious causes or neonatal complications, particularly in developing nations.
• Immunization is a critical intervention to reduce childhood mortality and morbidity.
• Despite free provision in Nigeria, immunization coverage remains low, leading to high rates of vaccine-preventable diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess inequalities in full and partial child immunization coverage in Nigeria.
• To analyze the 'intensity' of immunization coverage and identify factors contributing to disparities.
• To inform policies aimed at reducing immunization coverage gaps.

Main Methods:

• Utilized nationally representative data to analyze child immunization coverage.
• Employed statistical methods to identify socioeconomic and demographic determinants of immunization disparities.
• Examined factors including maternal literacy, child's region and location, and socioeconomic status.

Main Results:

• Significant disparities in immunization coverage were observed, with wealthier children receiving higher coverage.
• Maternal literacy, geographic region, child's location (urban/rural), and socioeconomic status were identified as key factors explaining these disparities.
• Low immunization coverage contributes to high mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases in Nigeria.

Conclusions:

• Addressing socioeconomic and educational inequalities is crucial for improving child immunization rates in Nigeria.
• Integrating community social values into health policies can enhance acceptability and compliance with immunization programs.
• Reducing immunization disparities is essential for Nigeria's progress towards sustainable development and improved child survival.