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Related Experiment Videos

Believability and syllogistic reasoning.

J Oakhill, P N Johnson-Laird, A Garnham

    Cognition
    |March 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Beliefs influence syllogistic reasoning by affecting how people examine alternative conclusions and filter potential answers. This study explores these cognitive biases in logical thinking.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Human Reasoning
    • Logic

    Background:

    • Belief effects in syllogistic reasoning are well-documented at the premise interpretation stage.
    • The influence of beliefs on later stages of reasoning remains less understood.
    • Understanding these effects is crucial for cognitive models of human judgment.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the locus of believability effects in syllogistic reasoning.
    • To examine whether beliefs influence the examination of alternative representations and the filtering of conclusions.
    • To determine how problem type and content impact the salience of alternative models.

    Main Methods:

    • Three experiments were conducted to assess the role of beliefs in syllogistic reasoning.
    • Experiments 1 and 2 involved participants generating their own conclusions from syllogisms.

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  • Experiment 3 focused on participants evaluating presented conclusions.

    • Main Results:

    • Beliefs were found to significantly affect the examination of alternative mental models.
    • Beliefs also acted as a filter on putative conclusions, influencing acceptance or rejection.
    • The study provides empirical evidence for belief-based biases beyond initial premise interpretation.

    Conclusions:

    • Believability effects extend to the processes of alternative model examination and conclusion filtering in syllogistic reasoning.
    • Certain problem structures and content can increase or decrease the awareness of alternative models.
    • These findings refine our understanding of cognitive biases in logical deduction.